《村集体经济组织会计制度》的经济学分析

《村集体经济组织会计制度》已颁布实施,其对农村经济和社会的效用大小标志着该制度成功与否。从宏观经济学角度分析,在变迁过程中,尽管会发生一系列的变革成本和运行成本,但新制度的效用是无法替代的,它促使了社会总财富的增加。从制度经济学角度分析,提高农民素质、发展农村文化以改善农村制度大环境以及完善该制度的监督机制与惩罚机制是新制度发挥效用的重要条件。     

The impact of P.L. 93-641, the National Health Planning and Resources Development Act, upon health and mental health programming

Federal legislation regarding health care in the U.S. has increased rapidly in the past few years. A major law with potential far-reaching effects was enacted as a result of increasing legislation and rising health care costs. This law,The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act,has created a network of over 200 local, mostly nongovernment units, called health systems agencies. These agencies are responsible for areawide health planning, plan implementation, review and approval of federal health care expenditures for local programs, and facilities review. They will affect health and mental health programs at the local level. The article is directed to local health and mental health care providers who will, of necessity, deal directly with the local HSA's.     

上市公司经营者继任的绩效意义

经营者的继任及其继任形式对公司的市场绩效具有影响,体现在股价即时变动的信号效应和公司系统风险水平发生变更的管理效应上。本文对沪深300指数成份股公司2001-2003年的301例董事长和总经理继任事件,用事件研究方法分析了经营者继任的信号效应,用邹检验识别了经营者继任的管理效应。研究表明,经营者继任形式是影响信号效应的重要因素,而经营者继任事件导致的管理效应是普遍存在的。另外,与国外同类研究的比较表明,中外上市公司经营者继任的绩效意义既有相似之处,也有不同之处。     

论群体事件中行政紧急权力的运用与制约

伴随着改革开放的深入和经济发展取得举世瞩目的成就,我国体制与社会转型所带来的不同利益群体的矛盾和冲突,使我国进入了社会矛盾的高发期。群体事件的发生,呼吁着作为法自由和法权利支柱的权力介入。我国目前还存在机制转换不到位、忽视媒体执政权力使用、缺乏正确的权力观、机构设置过于专业和分散、紧急权力行使人员规则意识淡薄等问题。因此,当务之急是完善群体性事件中紧急权力的运用程序,提高媒体执政力,分离决策权和行使权,并做好协调和制约工作。     

经理股票期权制借鉴·问题·对策

阐述了企业经理人员股票期权制(ESO)的含义、作用和形式.分析了在我国现阶段推行该计划的主要问题,并据此提出了适合我国企业实情的对策.     

论我国推广股票期权制度的困难及其克服

股票期权作为一种对企业家的激励机制在我国还是一种新生事物,这种“舶来的洋货”对我国这种社会主义的发展中国家还有许多不适应,在实际的运行过程中也遇到了许多的困难和障碍.本文从分析这些困难和障碍入手,提出优化和完善法制环境、股票市场和企业家人才市场是我国成功地推广股票期权制度必不可少的前提条件.     

从艾森豪威尔到卡特：美国文官“高级行政职位”的建立

文章从勾勒美国建立文官高级行政职位的过程入手 ,比较了艾森豪威尔总统建议建立的“高级文官职位”、尼克松总统提出设立的“联邦行政职位”、卡特总统建立的“高级行政职位”的区别和共同点 ,分析了三位总统在改革美国文官制度方面成功和失败的原因。作者认为 ,美国“高级行政职位”的设立 ,实际上涉及到两个非常敏感的关系 ,即 :总统与高级文官之间的关系以及在这一关系背后发挥潜在影响的政治与行政的关系。“高级行政职位”(SES)的设立 ,无论是从行政或政治的角度 ,都加强了总统对文官的控制与监督     

The determinants of top management pay

Agency theory argues that companies need to structure their top management pay so as to attract, retain, motivate, and reward senior executives. It is implicit in this literature that managers should be rewarded for performance and that company size should not be a significant determinant of compensation. Empirical evidence in many countries has concluded, however, that size is a major determinant of management remuneration and the pay-for-performance link is very weak. This study examines the determinants of senior executives’ remuneration and bonus payments in Hong Kong companies using recently available data. We examine both the level of pay and changes in pay. Corporate size is found to be a major explanator of remuneration levels and of changes in the pay of the CEO and executive directors. Accounting profitability is also a significant explanator of compensation. Performance, as measured by stock returns, has little or no statistically significant relationship with pay; in fact, some of the results show negative relationships. Some share ownership characteristics have influences on the levels of remuneration. In particular, share ownership by directors and share ownership by institutional investors moderate the compensation levels. In contrast, corporate governance variables have little association with change in pay. Overall, the results imply agency arguments that advocate pay-for-performance compensation schemes are not major factors in setting top management remuneration in Hong Kong.     

Universal supplier selection via multi-dimensional auction mechanisms for two-way competition in oligopoly market of supply chain

Allocation of the tasks in competitive market conditions at each echelon of the supply chain is an important activity in the supply chain. The task allocation problem, referred to as supply chain formation process, normally faces information asymmetry in the supply chain. The information asymmetry is caused by rational and intelligent players trying to maximize their own profit rather than opt for the supply chain profit as a whole. Thus, the process of allocating tasks in such situations becomes difficult and will result in externalities in the supply chain trades. These externalities can be internalized with present methodologies in the literature. In this paper, the major internalization methods in different contexts are considered. Lagrange relaxation and Vickery Clarke Groves (VCG) auction mechanism are explored in order to form a supply chain. This paper proposes the multi-stage auction mechanism analyzing two-way competitions, a Bertrand and Cournot competition where price per unit and quantity are the underlying two parameters in a utility analysis. To analyze the problem in real life, the industry example of Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation Ltd. (IRCTC) procurement process has been taken which demonstrates the usability of the proposed framework.     

Rewarding growth or profit?: Top management team compensation and governance in Japanese MNEs

Japanese multinational enterprises (MNEs) have been popularly characterized as pursuing competitive strategies emphasizing long-term performance, especially growth in sales and market share, rather than shorter term profit performance. Though prior research has emphasized the importance of linking compensation to organizational goals and performance, the relationship between performance and compensation of Japanese executives has received limited empirical attention. This paper provides a preliminary examination of how Japanese top management teams in the 106 largest industrial MNEs were compensated, particularly for performance on sales growth and profitability criteria, over the 1976–1993 time period. The relationships revealed between organizational performance and the bonus compensation of top management teams suggest that the emphasis of Japanese industrial MNEs regarding sales growth versus profitability may not be as simple as suggested by prior studies and popular characterizations.